A QGIS Plugin Based on the PaPRIKa Method for Karst Aquifer Vulnerability Mapping     

Chloé Ollivier  Yoann Lecomte  Konstantinos Chalikakis  Naomi Mazzilli  Charles Danquigny  Christophe Emblanch 《Ground water》2019,57(2):201-204

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The interstellar medium:the key component in galactic evolution and modern cosmology     

Carl Heiles  Di Li  Naomi McClure-Griffiths  Lei Qian  Shu Liu 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2019,(2)

The gases of the interstellar medium(ISM) possess orders of magnitude more mass than those of all the stars combined and are thus the prime component of the baryonic Universe. With L-band surface sensitivity even better than the planned phase one of the Square Kilometre Array(SKA1), the Five-hundredmeter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST) promises unprecedented insights into two of the primary components of ISM, namely, atomic hydrogen(HI) and the hydroxyl molecule(OH). Here, we discuss the evolving landscape of our understanding of ISM, particularly, its complex phases, the magnetic fields within, the so-called dark molecular gas(DMG), high velocity clouds and the connection between local and distant ISM. We lay out, in broad strokes, several expected FAST projects, including an all northern-sky high-resolution HI survey(22 000 deg2, 3′FWHM beam, 0.2 km s~(-1)), targeted OH mapping, searching for absorption and maser signals, etc. Currently under commissioning, the commensal observing mode of FAST will be capable of simultaneously obtaining HI and pulsar data streams, making large-scale surveys in both science areas more efficient.  相似文献   

North Atlantic extratropical and subpolar gyre variability during the last 120 years: a gridded dataset of surface temperature,salinity, and density. Part 1: dataset validation and RMS variability     

Reverdin  Gilles  Friedman  Andrew Ronald  Chafik  Léon  Holliday  Naomi Penny  Szekely  Tanguy  Valdimarsson  Héðinn  Yashayaev  Igor 《Ocean Dynamics》2019,69(3):385-403

We present a binned annual product (BINS) of sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), and sea surface density (SSD) observations for 1896–2015 of the subpolar North Atlantic between 40° N and 70° N, mostly excluding the shelf areas. The product of bin averages over spatial scales on the order of 200 to 500 km, reproducing most of the interannual variability in different time series covering at least the last three decades or of the along-track ship monitoring. Comparisons with other SSS and SST gridded products available since 1950 suggest that BINS captures the large decadal to multidecadal variability. Comparison with the HadSST3 SST product since 1896 also indicates that the decadal and multidecadal variability is usually well-reproduced, with small differences in long-term trends or in areas with marginal data coverage in either of the two products. Outside of the Labrador Sea and Greenland margins, interannual variability is rather similar in different seasons. Variability at periods longer than 15 years is a large part of the total interannual variability, both for SST and SSS, except possibly in the south-western part of the domain. Variability in SST and SSS increases towards the west, with the contribution of salinity variability to density dominating that of temperature in the western Atlantic, except close to the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current in the southwest area. Weaker variability and larger relative temperature contributions to density changes are found in the eastern part of the gyre and south of Iceland.

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Messing with nature? Exploring public perceptions of geoengineering in the UK     

Adam Corner  Karen Parkhill  Nick Pidgeon  Naomi E. Vaughan 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(5):938-947

Anthropogenic influence on the climate – and possible societal responses to it – offers a unique window through which to examine the way people think about and relate to the natural world. This paper reports data from four, one-day deliberative workshops conducted with members of the UK public during early 2012. The workshops focused on geoengineering – the deliberate, large-scale manipulation of the planetary environment – as one of three possible responses to climate change (alongside mitigation and adaptation). Here, we explore one of the most pervasive and wide-ranging themes to emerge from the workshops: whether geoengineering represented an unprecedented human intervention into ‘nature’, and what the moral consequences of this might be. Using the concept of ‘messing with nature’ as an analytical lens, we explore public perceptions of geoengineering. We also reflect on why ‘messing with nature’ was such a focal point for debate and disagreement, and whether the prospect of geoengineering may reveal new dimensions to the way that people think about the natural world, and their relationship to it.  相似文献   

Ra in the Japan Sea and the residence time of the Japan Sea water     

Koh Harada  Shizuo Tsunogai 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1986,77(2)

The surface water of the Japan Sea contained²²⁶Ra of70 ± 4dpm m⁻³ which was nearly equal to that of the surface water in the North Pacific. The concentration of²²⁶Ra in the Japan Sea deep water below 500 m was151 ± 8dpm m⁻³, showing a vertically and regionally small variation. This concentration of²²⁶Ra in the deep water is unexpectedly high, because the Japan Sea deep water has a higher Δ¹⁴ C value by about 50‰ than the Atlantic deep water containing the same²²⁶Ra. One of the causes to be considered is larger contribution of²²⁶Ra from biogenic particles dissolving in the Japan Sea deep water, but the Japan Sea is not so fertile in comparison to the Bering Sea. The other more plausible cause is the internal ventilation of the Japan Sea water, which means that the residence time of the Japan Sea Proper water is considerably long although the water is vertically mixed fairly well especially in winter. The ventilation may supply some amounts of radiocarbon and oxygen but does not change the inventory of²²⁶Ra. The residence times of the Japan Sea deep water and of water within the Japan Sea are calculated by solving simultaneous equations for²²⁶Ra and¹⁴C with a three-box model to be 300–400 years and 700–1000 years, respectively.  相似文献   

Horizontal displacements in Japan     

Naomi Fujita 《Tectonophysics》1974,23(4):419-422

Recent horizontal displacements in Japan are discussed by using the results of the first-order triangulation surveys. Large horizontal displacements are found in East Hokkaido, Tohoku, South Kanto, Tokai and Nankai districts (Fig.1). Crustal activity in these districts is also briefly discussed. The original triangulation survey in Japan neglected Laplace (azimuth) observations and consequently rotation and divergence around the assumed fixed point often appear as horizontal displacements. This is especially true in the central Japan where horizontal displacements result from cancelling the apparent rotation and divergence around the assumed fixed point (Fig.2).On the other hand, strain measurements avoid such shortcoming. Considering with the results of the first triangulation, the horizontal earth-strain can be calculated for every subsequent triangulation net. It is interesting that the velocity of the maximum shear strain is almost 2–3 · 10^/t7/year throughout Japan (Fig.3), even though the seismic activities show large regional discrepancies.  相似文献   

The ecological and economic value of cold-water coral ecosystems     

Naomi S. Foley  Tom M. van Rensburg  Claire W. Armstrong 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2010,53(7):313-326

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Dilution of North Pacific Intermediate Water studied with chlorofluorocarbons     

Yutaka W. Watanabe  Koh Harada  Kimitoshi Ishikawa 《Journal of Oceanography》1995,51(2):133-144

Assessment was made of residual ratio of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) produced in subpolar region of the North Pacific using chlorofluorocarbons, CFC-11 and CFC-12 (CCl₃F and CCl₂F₂), along 175°E. NPIW on density horizons less than 26.80 remained more than 80% north of 30°N. It was suggested that new NPIW laterally spreads over the northern North Pacific without hardly being diluted by the surroundings. For density horizons greater than 26.80 north of 30°N, NPIW remained less than 60%. The difference in the residual ratio between <26.80 and >26.80 north of 30°N suggests that NPIW is produced on density horizons less than 26.80, which contacts the atmosphere in the subpolar region, and that NPIW is diluted by upwelling deep water on density horizons greater than 26.80 in high latitude of the North Pacific. NPIW on a density horizon of 26.80 remained about 50% south of 30°N. The decrease in the horizontal distribution of the residual ratio of NPIW suggests that half the new NPIW produced in the subpolar region is laterally spread over the North Pacific with the southward movement of NPIW.  相似文献   

The role of porous matrix in water flow regulation within a karst unsaturated zone: an integrated hydrogeophysical approach     

Simon D. Carrière  Konstantinos Chalikakis  Charles Danquigny  Hendrik Davi  Naomi Mazzilli  Chloé Ollivier  Christophe Emblanch 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(7):1905-1918

Some portions of the porous rock matrix in the karst unsaturated zone (UZ) can contain large volumes of water and play a major role in water flow regulation. The essential results are presented of a local-scale study conducted in 2011 and 2012 above the Low Noise Underground Laboratory (LSBB – Laboratoire Souterrain à Bas Bruit) at Rustrel, southeastern France. Previous research revealed the geological structure and water-related features of the study site and illustrated the feasibility of specific hydrogeophysical measurements. In this study, the focus is on hydrodynamics at the seasonal and event timescales. Magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) measured a high water content (more than 10 %) in a large volume of rock. This large volume of water cannot be stored in fractures and conduits within the UZ. MRS was also used to measure the seasonal variation of water stored in the karst UZ. A process-based model was developed to simulate the effect of vegetation on groundwater recharge dynamics. In addition, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) monitoring was used to assess preferential water pathways during a rain event. This study demonstrates the major influence of water flow within the porous rock matrix on the UZ hydrogeological functioning at both the local (LSBB) and regional (Fontaine de Vaucluse) scales. By taking into account the role of the porous matrix in water flow regulation, these findings may significantly improve karst groundwater hydrodynamic modelling, exploitation, and sustainable management.  相似文献   

Effects of stand characteristics on tree species richness in and around a conservation area of northeast Bangladesh     

Muha Abdullah Al Pavel  Sharif A. Mukul  Mohammad Belal Uddin  Kazuhiro Harada  Mohammed A. S. Arfin Khan 《山地科学学报》2016,13(6):1085-1095

We investigated the effect of tree cover, forest patch and disturbances on tree species richness in a highly diverse conservation area of northeast Bangladesh. A systematic sampling protocol was adopted and 80 sub-plots from twenty five 1 ha plots were used for the vegetation survey. Linear regression analysis was performed to understand the effect of patch area, disturbances and tree cover on tree species richness. Ordination using Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Non-metric Multi Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) were also performed to explore the tree species compositional similarities along the stand characteristics gradient and locations of the sample plots. Our study revealed that, forest patch size has greater influence on species richness. Areas with medium level of disturbances have shown greater species richness. In constrained ordination the selected explanatory variables regulated the richness of common species. Our findings can be useful for better forest management and restoration of landscapes of conservation needs using ecologically important species.  相似文献